10 Crazy Facts About Antarctica

Antarctica is one of the most extreme places on Earth. It is the least explored place on earth. Despite being cold and remote, Antarctica holds many fascinating secrets and shocking facts. Here are some of the most interesting facts about this frozen land.
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1. It’s the Coldest Place on Earth
Antarctica holds the record for the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth: -128.6°F (-89.2°C) at the Soviet Union’s Vostok Station in 1983. Even in summer, temperatures rarely rise above freezing, especially in the interior.
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2. Antarctica Is a Desert
Although it’s covered in ice, Antarctica is actually the driest continent. It receives less than 2 inches (50 mm) of precipitation annually in its interior, which classifies it as a polar desert. Most of the moisture comes in the form of snow near the coasts.
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3. It Contains 90% of the World’s Ice
Approximately 70% of the world’s fresh water and 90% of its ice are stored in Antarctica. If all of the ice were to melt, sea levels could rise by about 200 feet (60 meters), drastically changing coastlines around the globe.
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4. No Permanent Residents
Unlike any other continent, Antarctica has no cities or permanent human population. Only scientists and support staff live there temporarily in research stations. Population numbers vary from around 1,000 in winter to 5,000 in summer.
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5. The Sun Doesn’t Rise (or Set) for Months
Because of its position at the Earth’s South Pole, Antarctica experiences periods of complete daylight in summer and total darkness in winter. At the South Pole, the sun rises once in September and sets once in March.
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6. It Has Active Volcanoes
Antarctica is home to Mount Erebus, the southernmost active volcano in the world. It even has a persistent lava lake, one of only a few known to exist. Volcanic activity under the ice also contributes to melting and shifting glaciers.
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7. There Are Hidden Lakes Beneath the Ice
Scientists have discovered more than 400 subglacial lakes beneath Antarctica's thick ice sheets. One of the most famous, Lake Vostok, lies under over 2 miles (3.7 km) of ice and has been sealed off for millions of years, potentially housing unknown forms of microbial life.
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8. No Country Owns It
Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, signed in 1959. It preserves the continent for peaceful scientific research and bans military activity. Over 50 countries have agreed to keep Antarctica free from exploitation and territorial claims.
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9. Wildlife Thrives Along the Coast
While the interior is inhospitable, the coastal areas support a range of life. Species like emperor penguins, leopard seals, orcas, and krill are well-adapted to the cold environment. There are also mosses, lichens, and tiny invertebrates like nematodes.
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10. You Can Visit as a Tourist
Despite its isolation, Antarctica is a growing destination for adventurous travelers. Tourists usually visit by cruise ship during the summer months (November to March). Regulations limit visitor numbers to protect the fragile environment.